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2017年4月19日，臉書在其年度F8開發者大會上透露，該公司成立瞭一個60名工程師的團隊，正在研制無需侵入式植入讓人僅用意念就可以打字的腦機接口......
臉書正在研制腦機接口，有望實現人腦打字、皮膚聽聲
Facebook is building brain-computer interfaces for typing and skin-hearing | TechCrunch
譯者：Jenny_Peng原文作者：Josh Constine
Today at F8, Facebook revealed it has a team of 60 engineers working on building a brain-computer interface that will let you type with just your mind without invasive implants. The team plans to use optical imaging to scan your brain a hundred times per second to detect you speaking silently in your head, and translate it into text.
2017年4月19日，臉書在其年度F8開發台中月子中心評比者大會上透露，該公司成立瞭一個60名工程師的團隊，正在研制無需侵入式植入讓人僅用意念就可以打字的腦機接口。該團隊計劃利用光學成像技術來掃描人腦，速度達到每秒一百次，檢測大腦中無聲的意識語言，然後將其翻譯成文本。
Regina Dugan, the head of Facebook’s R D division Building 8, explained to conference attendees that the goal is to eventually allow people to type at 100 words per minute, 5X faster than typing on a phone, with just your mind.
裡賈納 杜根系臉書研發部Building 8的負責人，她向會議觀眾解釋道，其團隊目標是，最終能使人用意念打字的速度達到每分鐘100字，比手機輸入速度快5倍。
Eventually, brain-computer interfaces could let people control augmented reality and virtual reality experiences with their mind instead of a screen or controller.Facebook’s CEOand CTO teased these details of this “direct brain interface” technology over the last two days at F8.
最終，腦機接口可以使人僅用意念便可以控制增強現實和虛擬現實活動，而不是靠屏幕或控制器。在F8會議的最後兩天，臉書的首席執行官和首席技術官一直調侃該“直腦接口”技術的細節。
Brain-Typing
人腦打字
“What if you could type directly from your brain?”Dugan asked. She showed a video of a paralyzed medical patient at Stanford who can type using their mind thanks to an implanted sensor. She went on to explain how Facebook wants to do this without surgical implants.
“假如你能直接通過大腦意識打字，將會怎麼樣？”杜根問到。她展示瞭一段視頻，內容展示瞭一位來自斯坦福的癱瘓內科病人，得益於植入的傳感器，實現瞭用大腦意識打字。接著，她闡明臉書如何嘗試拋棄外科植入物，實現人腦打字。
Building 8 only began working on the brain typing project six months ago, but it now is collaborating withUC San Francisco, UC Berkeley, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Johns Hopkins University’s Applied Physics Laboratory and Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. Researchers who specialize in machine learning for decoding speech and language, building optical neuroimaging systems with advanced spatial resolution and next-generation neural prosthetics are involved.
Building 8團隊於6個月前才剛開始啟動人腦打字項目，但是該團隊目前正與舊金山大學、加州大學伯克利分校、約翰霍普金斯醫學院、約翰霍普金斯大學應用物理實驗室和位於聖路易斯的華盛頓大學醫學院合作。相關人員主要是機器研究專傢，領域涉及解碼言語與語言，建立高級空間解析度的光學神經成像系統，以及新一代神經假肢。
The plan is to eventually build non-implanted devices that can ship at scale. And to tamp down on the inevitable fear this research will inspire, Facebook tells me “This isn’t about decoding random thoughts. This is about decoding the words you’vealreadydecided to share by sending them to the speech center of your brain.” Facebook likened it to how you take lots of photos but only share some of them. Even with its device, Facebook says you’ll be able to think freely but only turn some thoughts into text.
計劃最終目的是制作可以運輸的非植入式設備。為瞭降低該項研究引發的不可避免的恐懼，臉書告訴我們，“這並不是解碼雜感，而是解碼你發送到大腦語言中心已經決定要分享的話。”臉書將其比作拍瞭很多照片但隻分享其中一部分。臉書表示，使用該設備時，你仍可以自由思考，但它僅僅隻轉換一部分思考。
Skin-Hearing
皮膚聽聲
Meanwhile, Building 8 is working on a way for humans to hear through their skin. It’s been building prototypes of hardware and software that let your skin mimic the cochlea in your ear that translates sound into specific frequencies for your brain. This technology could let deaf people essentially “hear” by bypassing their ears.
同時，Building 8團隊還在探索讓人類通過皮膚聽聲的方法。該團隊一直在制作硬件軟件原型，讓皮膚模仿耳朵裡的耳蝸，為大腦將聲音轉換成特定頻率。這項技術可以使聾人避開耳朵從本質上進行“聽聲”。
A team of Facebook engineers was shown experimenting with hearing through skin using a system of actuators tuned to 16 frequency bands. A test subject was able to develop a vocabulary of nine words they could hear through their skin.
臉書工程師團隊使用一組調制到16頻帶的制動器，進行瞭皮膚聽聲的試驗。一位測試對象打出瞭一個通過皮膚聽到的8個字母組成的詞匯。
To underscore the gravity of Building 8s mind-reading technology, Dugan started her talk by saying she’s never seen something as powerful as the smartphone “that didn’t have unintended consequences.” She mentioned that we’d all be better off if we looked up from our phones every so often. But at the same time, she believes technology can foster empathy, education and global community.
為瞭強調Building 8團隊的讀心技術，杜根開場就表明，她從未見過與智能手機一樣強大的東西，且“無非預期後果”。她提到，如果我們偶爾抬起頭不看手機，會過得更開心。但與此同時，她認為，科技可以培育同感，形成教育和全球社區體系。
Building 8’s Big Reveal
Building 8團隊新聞大放送
台中產後護理中心
Facebookhired Duganlast year to lead its secretive new Building 8 research lab. She had previously run Google’s Advanced Technology And Products division, and was formerly a head of DARPA.
去年，臉書聘用杜根領導其神秘的Building 8研究實驗室。她之前負責谷歌的技術與產品部，曾是美國國防部高級研究計劃局的負責人之一。
Facebook built a special Area 404 wing of its Menlo Park headquarters with tons of mechanical engineering equipment to help Dugan’s team quickly prototype new hardware. In December, itsigned rapid collaboration dealswith Stanford, Harvard, MIT and more to get academia’s assistance.
臉書在其門洛帕克總部建立瞭特區404，備有數噸機械工程設備，幫助杜根的團隊快速制作硬件原型。12月，該公司與斯坦福、哈佛、麻省及其他高校迅速簽訂瞭合作協議，以獲得學術支持。
Yet until now, nobody really knew what Building 8 was…building.Business Insiderhad reported on Building 8’sjob listingsand that it might show off news at 台中產後護理之家推薦台中推薦月子中心F8.
截至目前，無人知曉Building 8團隊究竟在研發什麼。商業內幕網（Business Insider）曾報道過Building 8團隊的職責清單，並披露該團隊可能在F8會議上放送新聞。
According to these job listings, Facebook is looking for aBrain-Computer Interface Engineer“who will be responsible for working on a 2-year B8 project focused on developing advanced BCI technologies.” Responsibilities include “Application of machine learning methods, including encoding and decoding models, to neuroimaging and electrophysiological data.” It’s also looking for aNeural Imaging Engineerwho will be “focused on developing novel non-invasive neuroimaging technologies” who will “Design and evaluate novel neural imaging methods based on optical, RF, ultrasound, or other entirely non-invasive approaches.”
根據該職責清單，臉書正在尋找一名人機界面工程師，“負責集中研發高級腦機接口技術的2年B8項目”。職位描述包括，“神經成像和電生理學數據的機器學習方法應用，包括編碼與解碼模型。”另外，臉書也在招聘一名神經成像工程師，“負責研發新型神經成像方法，基於光學、射頻、超音波，或其他完全非侵入式途徑。”
伊隆 馬斯克也一直在發展壯大他自己創立的公司神經連接（Neuralink），研制人腦接口。
臉書Building 8研發部主任裡賈納 杜根
臉書的404區硬件實驗室備有數噸機械工程和原型構建設備
Today’s announcements are naturally unsettling. Hearing about a tiny startup developing these advanced technologies might have conjured images of governments or coporate conglomerates one day reading our mind to detect thought crime, like in1984. Facebook’s scale makes that future feel more plausible, no matter how much Zuckerberg and Dugan try to position the company as benevolent and compassionate. The more Facebook can do to台中月子中心月子餐 institute safe-guards, independent monitoring, and transparency around how brain-interface technology is built and tested, the more receptive it might find the public.
臉書4月19日的公告自然令人感到不安。聽到一個微型創業公司在研發這些高科技，可能會使人聯想到，政府或聯合企業有朝一日會利用讀心術來檢測潛在犯罪，就像《1984》裡描述的。臉書的規模使人感覺這些畫面更可信，無論紮克伯格和杜根多麼想將公司定位為充滿仁慈、同情之心的形象。臉書在創立保護條款、獨立監管，和提高腦機接口技術搭建和測試的透明度方面做的愈多，公眾可能愈發能接受該項技術。
A week ago Facebook was being criticized as nothing but a Snapchat copycat that had stopped innovating. Today’s demos seemed design to dismantle that argument and keep top engineering talent knocking on its door.
在此一周前，臉書還被批評為一無是處，不過是停止創新的Snapchat模仿者。19日的示范產品看似意在反駁該觀點，使高端工程人才絡繹不絕前往。
“Do you want to work for the company who pioneered putting augmented reality dog ears on teens, or the one that pioneered typing with telepathy?” You don’t have to say anything. For Facebook, thinking might be enough.
“你願意為倡導將增強現實的小狗耳朵置於人頭上，或倡導憑意念打字的公司工作嗎？”不必說出你的答案。對於臉書來說，思考足矣。
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